The second moments of area / moments of inertia divided by these distances will equal the elastic section moduli. Distance from Centroid to Extreme Fibres: The distance between the centroid of the cross-section and the extreme fibre of the cross-section, perpendicular to the axis of bending.Elastic section modulus is also known as statical section modulus. Values are also provided for both geometric and principal axes, and are always about the centroid. Values are provided for both positive and negative bending, where positive bending is defined as the top-most or left-most portion of the cross-section being in compression. Elastic Section Moduli: The elastic section moduli are equal to the second moments of area / moments of inertia divided by the distance to the farthest fibre in the cross-section perpendicular to the axis of bending.The Product Moment of Inertia is, by definition, zero for principal axes. The Polar Moment of Inertia is identical for both types of axes, as the "Z" axis is always assumed to be the same as the "3" axis. Note that all values are taken about the centroid of the cross-section, though values are available for both geometric and principal axes. Second Moments of Area / Moments of Inertia: The second moments of area, also known in engineering as the moments of inertia, are related to the bending strength and deflection of a beam.Note that the first moments are area are taken about the centroid and the geometric axes. First Moments of Area: The first moments of area are relevant for certain shear calculations, such as shear flow.This value is commonly used in determining the axial strength of a column. Area: The cross-sectional area of the section.The principal axis orientation is also indicated on the cross-section diagram. Note that the minor principal axis (the "2" axis) is exactly perpendicular to this. This defines its angle, relative to the X-axis. Angle of Major Principal Axis: The major principal axis (the "1" axis) may be inclined for non-symmetric sections, or it may be at 90 degrees if the section has more lateral than vertical stiffness.The various outputs calculated in each of these analysis types are described below: Elastic Analysis Note that an elastic analysis is always performed in every option. The default, and fastest, option is "Elastic Only", while the other options add warping and/or plastic analyses as well. Calculation Summary Outputs and Analysis Typesįour different Analysis Type options are available: "Elastic Only", "Elastic + Warping", "Elastic + Plastic", and "Everything". The diagram in this section will show the cross-section as it has been input, as well as some of the key properties of that cross-section - including centroid, principal axis orientation, and, if the relevant analysis types have been performed, plastic centroid and shear centre. Restrictions such as these are merely logical restrictions on the geometry overlaps or incomplete fillet radii are not physically possible. For example, an I-section's Depth must be greater must be greater than two times the Flange Thickness plus two times the Inner Radius. Some other cross-section types have specific restrictions. Both dimensions must be greater than zero, but there are no other restrictions. When you do so, the input boxes below it will change to those required for the given type of cross-section.įor example, a rectangle has two dimensions to define it: Depth and Breadth. Input Key Propertiesįirst, select the Cross-Section Type from the drop-down menu just below the diagram. Clicking on any of the input/property labels gives a descriptive reference explanation. 'Summary', where the type of analysis is selected and the calculated properties are displayed.Ī ‘Comments’ section is also included for the user to leave any specific design notes.'Key Properties', where the geometry of the cross-section is defined.The sheet is divided into two main sections: ClearCalcs enables design in steel, concrete and timber, according to Australian, US and EU Standards. Signing up for a ClearCalcs account will unlock further advanced features for design and analysis of beams and a variety of other structural elements - and allow the use of these custom cross-sections in those designs. You can use the cross-section properties from this tool in our free beam calculator. It then determines the elastic, warping, and/or plastic properties of that section - including areas, centroid coordinates, second moments of area / moments of inertia, section moduli, principal axes, torsion constant, and more! The ClearCalcs cross-section calculator allows the user to input the geometry of an arbitrary cross-section using either simple dimensions of common shapes, or fully-custom outline definitions. How to Use the Free Cross-Section Calculator
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